Calorie(cal) vs KiloCalorie(kcal) vs KiloJoule (kJ): The Confusion & Relation

Heart Monitor

Well, when you want to lose weight, sooner or later you will be familiar with the word "calorie" (cal) and "kilojoule" (kj). You would find them especially on the food label that you supposed to check, or even displayed on the gym equipment's panel.

Then for those of you that study science at highschool you can also remember vaguely or vividly that

  • 1 calorie (cal) = 4.2 Joule (J)
  • 1 kilo calorie (kcal) = 1000 calorie
  • 1 kilo Joule (kJ) = 1000 Joule

Let see if the understanding above still stands starting with the illustration on the right. You can see the conversion a bit not right there, right? (100 cal = 420J not "kJ")

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The Confusion...

Heart Monitor

Now that you are serious about weight loss and knowing that weight loss is simple math (energy in minus energy out, if it's negative then you lose weight and if it's positive then you gain weight) then you would buy this heart rate monitor so that you know more accurately about how many calorie that you have burnt.

(Not that I am recommending calorie count method, no I don't, it's too much hassle and it's not accurate anyway – yes, you can get result this way, but there are many ways to do it simpler. However knowing exacly your exercise regime is great for your “big picture” planning of your weight loss)

Let's start...

Say you run on the thredmill for half hour and the monitor approximates your burnt energy at 245 kcal (kilo calorie), which is scientifically equal to 245,000 calorie. Well done!

Wanting to relates what you have done in the gym with the used to be your favorite snack, you look at the Snickers bar at supermarket (No, not buying it...just have a look): it says per serving it has 240 Calorie.

Wow!!! Is that mean if I eat 2 Snickers Bar, it is just (2x240)/245000 = 0.2% of the exercise ?


Yes, your conclusion is not wrong as is. The problem is in Health/Nutrition community, the term Calorie is equal to 1 kilocalorie in scientific world.

So, the Snickers bar above is actually worth 240,000 calorie despite the label. Now, that painfull 30 minutes run on treadmil equates this whole Snickers bar... Still want to get the bar ?


In Summary:


Health/Nutrition/Sport/Weight Loss community

Scientific/ School community

1 “calorie” = 1 kilocalorie (kcal)

1 calorie = 0.01 kilocalorie

1000 “calorie” = 1000 kilocalorie (kcal)

1000 calorie = 1 kilocalorie (kcal)

1 calorie = 4.2 kiloJoule (kJ)

1 calorie = 4.2 Joule

1 calorie = 4200 Joule

1 calorie = 0.0042 kiloJoule (kJ)


To differentiate “calorie” used in scientific community and health/nutrition community, some will use Calorie (with capital C = 4.2kJ) and calorie (with lower case = 4.2J) – but there is no consistensy on this. So, better way to remember is, if it is about exercise, food, nutrition, weight loss, then the calorie is much bigger one. (because it equal to 1000 real calorie)

In technical term, if one say “1 calorie”, its definition is: amount of heat that required to increase 1 gram of water 1 centigrade higher.

Back to our example above, the heart monitor will mean exactly the same if it says “cal” (instead of “kcal”) .

So....

Having a background in engineering (hence close to scientific) backgound, this confusion and misuse of unit is quite confusing and almost become a frustration. (Why they don't just say “kcal” – that's it, end of problem)... Anyway...I will put a rant on other occasion :-)

Hope with this article, there will be no more confusion about the understanding and the loose usage of calorie, kilocalories, kiloJoule, etc.

Good luck with your weight loss program!!

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